菊花链(Daisy Chain)是一种数据结构,通常用于实现链式数据结构,如链表、队列、栈等。在菊花链中,每个节点包含两个指针,一个指向前一个节点,另一个指向后一个节点。这种结构使得数据可以在链表中高效地插入和删除。

以下是菊花链的一些关键概念和操作:

关键概念

  1. 节点(Node):链表的每个元素,包含数据和两个指针(前驱和后继)。
  2. 头节点(Head):链表的第一个节点。
  3. 尾节点(Tail):链表的最后一个节点。

操作

  1. 创建节点(Create Node): python class Node: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.prev = None self.next = None

  2. 插入节点(Insert Node):

  3. 在链表头部插入节点: python def insert_at_head(head, data): new_node = Node(data) if head is None: return new_node new_node.next = head head.prev = new_node return new_node
  4. 在链表尾部插入节点: python def insert_at_tail(head, data): new_node = Node(data) if head is None: return new_node current = head while current.next is not None: current = current.next current.next = new_node new_node.prev = current return head

  5. 删除节点(Delete Node):

  6. 删除链表头部节点: python def delete_from_head(head): if head is None: return None data = head.data if head.next is not None: head.next.prev = None else: head = None return data
  7. 删除链表尾部节点: python def delete_from_tail(head): if head is None: return None current = head while current.next is not None: current = current.next if current.prev is not None: current.prev.next = None else: head = None return data

示例

以下是一个简单的菊花链实现示例:

```python class Node: def init(self, data): self.data = data self.prev = None self.next = None

class DaisyChain: def init(self): self.head = None self.tail = None

def insert_at_head(self, data):
    new_node = Node(data)
    if self.head is None:
        self.head = new_node
        self.tail = new_node
    else:
        new_node.next = self.head
        self.head.prev = new_node
        self.head = new_node

def insert_at_tail(self, data):
    new_node = Node(data)
    if self.tail is None:
        self.head = new_node
        self.tail = new_node
    else:
        new_node.prev = self.tail
        self.tail.next = new_node
        self.tail = new_node

def delete_from_head(self):
    if self.head is None:
        return None
    data = self.head.data
    if self.head.next is not None:
        self.head.next.prev = None
    else:
        self.head = None
    return data

def delete_from_tail(self):
    if self.tail is None:
        return None
    data = self.tail.data
    if self.tail.prev is not None:
        self.tail.prev.next = None
    else:
        self.tail = None
    return data

示例使用

daisy_chain = DaisyChain() daisy_chain.insert_at_head(1) daisy_chain.insert_at_tail(2) daisy_chain.insert_at_tail(3) print(daisy_chain.delete_from_head()) # 输出: 1 print(daisy_chain.delete_from_tail()) # 输出: 3 ```

这个示例展示了如何在菊花链中插入和删除节点。通过这种方式,可以高效地在链表的头部和尾部进行操作。